Serial and parallel transmission, simplex/half-duplex/full-duplex, USB, error-checking methods and packet switching.
Data packets
Before transmission, data is split into packets. Each packet contains a header (sender and destination addresses, packet number), the payload (the actual data) and a trailer (error-checking data and an indicator that it is the end of the packet). Splitting data into packets allows it to be sent efficiently and reassembled in the correct order at the destination using the packet numbers.
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