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Edexcel IAL·Physics·IAL Physics

DC Circuits, EMF & Potential Dividers

14 min read

Series and parallel rules, Kirchhoff's laws, EMF and internal resistance, and potential dividers.

Series and parallel

  • Series: same current; pds add; Rtotal=R1+R2+...R_{total}=R_1+R_2+...Rtotal​=R1​+R2​+...
  • Parallel: same pd across each branch; currents add; 1Rtotal=1R1+1R2+...\frac{1}{R_{total}}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+...Rtotal​1​=R1​1​+R2​1​+...

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