Decomposition and abstraction, flowcharts and pseudocode, standard algorithms (search, sort, totalling/counting), trace tables and testing.
Problem-solving methods
Decomposition — breaking a problem down into smaller, more manageable sub-problems.
Abstraction — removing or hiding unnecessary detail so only the essentials needed to solve the problem remain.
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem or carry out a task.
A system can be viewed as inputs → process → outputs, plus the storage needed.
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