Organisational structures, spans of control, communication, and leadership styles.
Organisational structure
Shown by an organisation chart. Key terms:
Hierarchy — levels of management.
Span of control — the number of people a manager directly oversees.
Chain of command — the line of authority from top to bottom.
Delegation — passing authority down.
Tall structures have many layers and narrow spans (close control, slow communication); flat structures have few layers and wide spans (faster communication, more delegation).
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