Animal, plant and bacterial cell structure, the functions of organelles, specialised cells, and the levels of organisation in organisms.
Animal and plant cells
All living things are made of cells. Animal and plant cells share several structures but differ in important ways.
| Structure | Function | Animal | Plant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell membrane | Controls what enters and leaves the cell | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly where chemical reactions happen | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA and controls the cell | ✓ | ✓ |
| Mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration | ✓ | ✓ |
| Ribosomes | Site of protein synthesis | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cell wall (cellulose) | Support, stops the cell bursting | ✗ | ✓ |
| Chloroplasts | Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis | ✗ | ✓ |
| Permanent vacuole | Holds cell sap, keeps the cell turgid | ✗ | ✓ |
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