Animal, plant and bacterial cell structure, the functions of organelles, specialised cells, and the levels of organisation in organisms.
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport, and enzymes as biological catalysts including the effects of temperature and pH.
A balanced diet, digestion and enzymes, absorption, and the human circulatory system including the heart, blood vessels and blood.
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the breathing system and gas exchange, and nervous and hormonal coordination including the reflex arc.
Sexual and asexual reproduction, chromosomes, genes and monohybrid inheritance, variation and natural selection, and food chains and the carbon cycle.
The particle model and changes of state, diffusion, the structure of the atom, isotopes, and electronic configuration.
Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding, the structure and properties of substances, and trends in the Periodic Table.
Relative atomic and formula mass, the mole, balancing equations, and calculations of mass and reacting quantities.
Acids and bases, the pH scale, neutralisation and salt preparation, and the reactivity series of metals.
Rate of reaction and collision theory, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and an introduction to organic chemistry.
Speed, velocity and acceleration, motion graphs, forces and Newton's laws, and energy stores, transfers, work and power.
Pressure in solids, liquids and gases, density, the particle model of states, and thermal expansion and energy transfer.
Wave properties and the wave equation, transverse and longitudinal waves, sound, reflection and refraction, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Current, voltage and resistance, series and parallel circuits, electrical power, and magnetism and electromagnetism.
Radioactivity and the three types of decay, half-life and safety, and the structure of the Solar System and the universe.