The particle model and changes of state, diffusion, the structure of the atom, isotopes, and electronic configuration.
States of matter
The kinetic particle model explains the three states:
| State | Arrangement | Movement | Shape/volume |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solid | regular, close-packed | vibrate in place | fixed shape and volume |
| Liquid | close, random | move past each other | fixed volume, takes shape of container |
| Gas | far apart, random | move quickly | fills container |
Changes of state: melting (solid→liquid), freezing (liquid→solid), boiling/evaporation (liquid→gas), condensing (gas→liquid), sublimation (solid→gas). Heating gives particles more kinetic energy.
Viewing only
This content is free to read on superexams.com and cannot be printed or downloaded.
Read the full note, free
Create a free account to read this note in full. Every free account gets 2 complete revision notes, no card needed.