Water, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; condensation and hydrolysis; protein structure levels; and biochemical tests.
Water
Water is polar (oxygen slightly negative, hydrogens slightly positive), allowing hydrogen bonding. This gives it: high specific heat capacity (thermal buffering), high latent heat of vaporisation (cooling by sweat/transpiration), cohesion (water columns in xylem), surface tension, and excellent solvent properties (transport of ions and metabolites).
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