Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and water, their building blocks, and the food tests.
The main biological molecules
| Molecule | Made of (building blocks) | Elements | Example/role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate | simple sugars (e.g. glucose) | C, H, O | starch, glycogen — energy storage |
| Protein | amino acids | C, H, O, N | enzymes, antibodies, growth |
| Fat (lipid) | fatty acids + glycerol | C, H, O | energy store, insulation, membranes |
Starch and glycogen are large molecules made from many glucose units. Starch stores energy in plants; glycogen in animals.
Proteins are long chains of amino acids folded into specific shapes — the shape determines the function.
DNA is made of two strands coiled into a double helix.
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