Acids and alkalis, the pH scale, neutralisation, preparing salts, titration and tests for ions.
Acids and bases
Acids produce hydrogen ions () in aqueous solution; they have a pH below 7 (e.g. HCl, , ).
Bases are metal oxides/hydroxides that neutralise acids; a soluble base is an alkali, producing hydroxide ions (), with pH above 7 (e.g. NaOH).
A strong acid is fully ionised in water; a weak acid (e.g. ethanoic acid) is only partially ionised.
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