Transverse and longitudinal waves, wave properties, the wave equation, reflection, refraction and diffraction.
Describing waves
A wave transfers energy without transferring matter. Two types:
Transverse — vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel (e.g. light, water ripples). Has crests and troughs.
Longitudinal — vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel (e.g. sound). Has compressions and rarefactions.
Key quantities:
Wavelength — distance for one complete wave (m).
Frequency — waves per second, in hertz (Hz).
Amplitude — maximum displacement from the rest position.
Period — time for one wave, .
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