Meiosis and variation, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, gene control, natural selection, the Hardy–Weinberg principle and speciation.
Meiosis and variation
Meiosis is a reduction division producing four haploid, genetically varied cells (gametes). Variation arises from crossing over (chiasmata in prophase I), independent assortment of homologous chromosomes (metaphase I) and of chromatids, and random fertilisation. Mutation provides new alleles.
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