The limitations of flat files, relational databases, keys, normalisation to 3NF, the DBMS, and SQL.
Files vs databases
A single flat file suffers from data redundancy (the same data stored repeatedly), inconsistency (copies disagree after an update) and poor data integrity. A relational database stores data in linked tables, removing redundancy and allowing controlled, consistent access by many users.
Viewing only
This content is free to read on superexams.com and cannot be printed or downloaded.
Read the full note — free
Create a free account to read this note in full. Every free account gets 2 complete revision notes — no card needed.