Resource management and the user/hardware interface, process states, the role of the scheduler, and scheduling algorithms (FCFS, round robin, SJF, shortest remaining time, priority).
The purpose of an operating system
An OS is needed to manage hardware resources and provide a convenient, safe interface between the user/applications and the hardware. It hides hardware complexity, allocates resources fairly, enables multitasking, protects processes from one another and provides security. Key resources it manages: the CPU (processor time), memory, I/O devices/files and security.
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