Enzymes as biological catalysts, the active site and specificity, and the factors affecting the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions.
Enzymes are biological catalysts (proteins) that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy, without being used up.
How enzymes work
The substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, forming an enzyme–substrate complex. The lock-and-key model (and the refined induced-fit model) explains why each enzyme is specific to one substrate — the shapes are complementary.
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