The mammalian double circulation, the structure of the heart, blood vessels, and the cardiac cycle.
Mammals have a double circulation: blood passes through the heart twice per circuit (one loop to the lungs, one to the body).
The heart
Four chambers: two atria (receive blood) and two ventricles (pump it out). The left ventricle has the thickest muscle as it pumps to the whole body. Valves (atrioventricular and semilunar) prevent backflow.
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