Subatomic particles, isotopes, mass spectrometry, electron configuration (sub-shells), and ionisation energy trends.
Subatomic particles
| Particle | Relative mass | Relative charge |
|---|---|---|
| Proton | 1 | +1 |
| Neutron | 1 | 0 |
| Electron | 1/1836 | −1 |
The atomic number (Z) = number of protons; the mass number (A) = protons + neutrons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons — same chemical properties (same electrons), different mass.
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