Lattice energy and Born–Haber cycles, enthalpies of solution and hydration, entropy and free-energy feasibility.
Lattice energy and Born–Haber cycles
Lattice energy is the enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid forms from its gaseous ions (always exothermic). It cannot be measured directly, so it is found indirectly using a Born–Haber cycle, applying Hess's law around enthalpies of formation, atomisation, ionisation and electron affinity.
Lattice energy is more exothermic for ions with higher charge and smaller radius (stronger electrostatic attraction).
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