Properties of transition metals, complex ions and colour, ligand substitution, and electrode potentials.
Transition metals
d-block metals that form at least one ion with a partially filled d sub-shell. Characteristic properties:
Variable oxidation states (similar energy of 4s/3d electrons).
Coloured compounds.
Catalytic activity (e.g. Fe in Haber, V₂O₅ in Contact process).
Form complex ions.
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