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Edexcel IGCSE·Biology·IGCSE Biology

Ecology & Ecosystems

13 min read

Food chains and webs, energy transfer, nutrient cycles, and human impact on the environment.

Ecology studies how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

Food chains and webs

Energy passes from producers (plants, which photosynthesise) to consumers.

grass rabbit fox decomposers
A food chain: arrows show the direction of energy flow.

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