The particle model and changes of state, mixtures, and methods of separating mixtures.
States of matter
The particle model explains solids, liquids and gases by particle arrangement, movement and energy:
| State | Arrangement | Movement | |---|---|---| | Solid | regular, close, fixed | vibrate in place | | Liquid | close, random | move around each other | | Gas | far apart, random | move quickly in all directions |
Changes of state: melting, boiling, evaporating, condensing, freezing, sublimation. Heating gives particles more energy to overcome forces between them. Diffusion is the spreading of particles from high to low concentration (faster in gases and at higher temperature).
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