Pathogens, transmission, the body's defences, antibodies, vaccination and antibiotics.
Pathogens and transmission
A pathogen is a disease-causing organism (bacterium, virus, fungus or protoctist). A transmissible disease is one in which the pathogen passes from one host to another — by direct contact (e.g. blood, body fluids) or indirectly (contaminated food/water, air, vectors such as mosquitoes for malaria).
Spread is controlled by: clean water and sanitation, hygienic food preparation, personal hygiene (hand washing), waste disposal and controlling vectors.
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