Bacterial structure and culturing, aseptic technique, the immune response (B and T cells, antibodies), vaccination and antibiotic resistance.
Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Many are harmless or useful; some are pathogens that cause disease.
Bacteria and culturing
Bacteria are prokaryotic (see Chapter 5). They are grown on nutrient agar or in broth. Aseptic technique prevents contamination: sterilise equipment, flame the inoculating loop, work near a Bunsen flame, and seal (but don't fully seal anaerobically) the plate. Population growth has lag, exponential (log), stationary and death phases; in the log phase numbers increase by a constant factor per unit time.
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